Fluorescence Spectroscopy

university wafer substrates

Au Coated Silicon Wafer for Fluorescence Spectroscopy 
Measurements

A principle investigator requested the following quote.

Reference #258981 for Specs and Pricing.

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Single Crystal Quartz for Fluorescence Spectrscopy

An assistant professor requested a quote for the following:

76.2mm 160 micron thick 36 degrees

Purity requirements: using for fluorescence spectroscopy, specifically total internal reflection, in visible wavelengths.
Other orientations, quantities,and thicknesses are fine if there is a substantial price differential.

We quote Item #U01-240805-1

Dia Ori Thickness Pol Primary Flat Brand/Grade SEED Top side Ra Backside Ra
76.2+/-0.3mm 36°Y AT-cut 0.16+/-0.03mm DSP 22mm on -X SAW withseed <1nm <1nm

We quote

Reference #139821 for specs and pricing.

 

 

What is Fluorescence Spectroscopy?

Fluorescence spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to study the fluorescence properties of substances. Here’s an overview of its key aspects:

What is Fluorescence?

  • Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
  • It typically occurs when a molecule absorbs light at one wavelength (excitation) and then emits light at a different, usually longer wavelength (emission).

How Does Fluorescence Spectroscopy Work?

  1. Excitation: The sample is exposed to light, typically from a laser or a xenon lamp, at a specific scientific laboratory setup for fluorescence spectroscopywavelength that corresponds to the absorption spectrum of the fluorescent molecule (fluorophore).
  2. Emission: The fluorophore absorbs the light and gets excited to a higher energy state. It then returns to a lower energy state by emitting light at a different wavelength.
  3. Detection: The emitted light is detected and measured by a photodetector, often using a monochromator to select specific wavelengths.

Applications

  • Biological and Medical Research: Used to study proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules.
  • Chemical Analysis: Identifies and quantifies compounds in a mixture.
  • Environmental Monitoring: Detects pollutants and other substances in the environment.
  • Material Science: Investigates the properties of new materials, including nanomaterials.

Advantages

  • Sensitivity: Highly sensitive and can detect low concentrations of fluorescent molecules.
  • Specificity: Can be specific to particular molecules due to their unique fluorescence properties.
  • Non-destructive: Often non-destructive to the sample, allowing further analysis.

Limitations

  • Quenching: The fluorescence signal can be quenched by various factors, such as pH changes, presence of quenching agents, or high concentrations of the fluorophore.
  • Photobleaching: Prolonged exposure to the excitation light can lead to photobleaching, where the fluorophore permanently loses its ability to fluoresce.

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful tool in various fields due to its ability to provide detailed information about molecular composition and dynamics.

Substrates Commonly Used for Fluorescence Spectroscopy

In fluorescence spectroscopy, substrates are crucial for supporting the samples and ensuring optimal conditions for fluorescence measurement. Commonly used substrates include:

1. Glass Slides

  • Diameter: Typically 25 mm, but can vary.
  • Type: Borosilicate or soda-lime glass.
  • Dopant: Undoped.
  • Orientation: Not applicable (amorphous material).
  • Thickness: Usually 1 mm.
  • Polish: Single or double side.
  • Resistivity: Not relevant for glass.

2. Quartz Slides

  • Diameter: Commonly 25 mm.
  • Type: Fused silica.
  • Dopant: Undoped.
  • Orientation: Not applicable (amorphous material).
  • Thickness: Typically 1 mm.
  • Polish: Single or double side.
  • Resistivity: Not relevant for quartz.

3. Silicon Wafers

  • Diameter: 100 mm to 300 mm.
  • Type: Monocrystalline silicon.
  • Dopant: Phosphorus (n-type) or boron (p-type).
  • Orientation: <100> or <111>.
  • Thickness: Ranges from 100 µm to 500 µm.
  • Polish: Single side (SSP) or double side polished (DSP).
  • Resistivity: Typically ranges from 1 to 10,000 Ω·cm.

4. Sapphire (Al2O3) Wafers

  • Diameter: Typically 50 mm to 100 mm.
  • Type: Monocrystalline sapphire.
  • Dopant: Undoped.
  • Orientation: C-plane (0001) is common.
  • Thickness: Ranges from 430 µm to 650 µm.
  • Polish: Single or double side.
  • Resistivity: Insulating (very high resistivity).

5. Plastic Substrates (e.g., Polystyrene, Polycarbonate)

  • Diameter: Typically 25 mm.
  • Type: Various polymers.
  • Dopant: Undoped.
  • Orientation: Not applicable (amorphous material).
  • Thickness: Typically 1 mm.
  • Polish: Single or double side.
  • Resistivity: Not relevant for plastic.

6. Mica Sheets

  • Diameter: Typically 25 mm (cut sheets).
  • Type: Natural or synthetic mica.
  • Dopant: Undoped.
  • Orientation: Not applicable (layered structure).
  • Thickness: Ranges from a few micrometers to several millimeters.
  • Polish: Single side (cleaved surface).
  • Resistivity: Insulating (very high resistivity).

7. ITO-Coated Glass or Quartz

  • Diameter: Typically 25 mm.
  • Type: Glass or quartz with an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating.
  • Dopant: ITO is the dopant layer.
  • Orientation: Not applicable for ITO layer.
  • Thickness: Substrate 1 mm, ITO layer ~100 nm.
  • Polish: Single or double side.
  • Resistivity: Typically 10-50 Ω/square for ITO layer.

These substrates are chosen based on their optical properties, compatibility with the sample, and specific requirements of the fluorescence spectroscopy application.