Custom Silicon Windows For Research & Production

Diamond Coated Silicon Windows

A supplier for optical products requested a quote for the following:

Please quote for the following parts:

• Silicon Window Qty : 10 Pcs
• Dimension : 160mm diameter and 0.2mm thickness.
• Coating : Antireflection Diamond like Carbon Coating between 3 to 5 microns.
• Surface Finish : Lamda / 4
• Surface Quality : 60- 40 Mil Standard
• Edges to be chamfered at 45 degrees.
  

Please give your best quote as soon as possible.

Reference #119243 for specs and pricing.

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N-Doped Optical-Quality Silicon Windows

An advanced optical systems company requested a quote for the following:

N-DOPED OPTICAL-QUALITY SILICON WINDOWS, ROUGH CUT CYLINDER WITH ORIENTATION FLAT, MONOCRYSTALLINE, SLIP FREE, TYPE: N and/or P, RESISTIVITY > 30 OHM-CM,
TRANSMISSION: >52.90% FROM 2.5 TO 5.0 MICRONS THRU A 0.200" THICK POLISHED
UNCOATED SAMPLE, PURITY: 99.999%
DIA: 90.000 + 0.250 / - 0.250
LGTH/THK: 38.000 + 0.250 / - 0.250
DIA 90.0 MM X THK 38.0 MM
- MATERIAL MUST BE SLIP-FREE
- ORIENT <110> AXIS WITHIN 0.25 DEG
- ORIENTATION FLAT <001> AXIS WITHIN 0.5 DEG, WIDTH 25MM +/- 2MM
- EDGE CHAMFER 0.5 MM TYPICAL
INSPECTION POLISH ON END FACES
TRANSMISSION SCAN REQUIRED FOR EACH WINDOW

UniversityWafer, Inc. Quoted:

Item   Qty.   Description
BL88b. 20   Silicon ingot, per SEMI, C/C 90.0±0.25mm Ø×38.0±0.25mm, CZ undoped Si:-[110]±0.5°, Ro > 30 Ohmcm,  Both-sides As-Cut, Flat (one) @<001>±0.5°, 25±2mm.

Reference #129720 for specs and pricing.

Client Replied

I’m a bit confused by your description, probably because I’m not very familiar with semiconductor wafer terminology.  Specifically, your description states:  Silicon ingot, per SEMI, C/C 90.0±0.25mm Ø×38.0±0.25mm. 

What is the meaning of “per SEMI”? 

What does C/C represent?  Is C/C = Ø = diameter?  In the optics world, Ø usually implies diameter. 

I want to make sure your description is actually consistent with my specifications.  Ultimately, I require optical windows (aka, thick wafers) of <110> silicon oriented perpendicular to the faces of the windows with diameter = 90mm and thickness = 38mm.  I understand that the faces will be “as-cut” (aka, unpolished); this is OK as we routinely work with a vendor who polishes silicon to precision optical standards.  Is this what your quote describes?

Please comment on the crystallinity of these silicon ingots.  Are they monocrystalline over the entire 90mm diameter?

Answer:

• "C/C" stands for "As-Cut".
• "per Semi" means that the wafers conform to the standards set forth by the SEMI organization.
• Quoted wafers would have diameter of 90.0±0.25mmØ.
• Quoted wafers would be 38.0±0.25mm thick.
• Wafers would be monocrystalline throughout.
• Wafers would be [110] orientation.

Rectangular High-Resistivity Silicon Windows for THz-TDS Experiments

A PhD researching microelectronics requested a quote for the following.

I am looking for rectangular high resistivity Silicon windows; The characteristics are the following : Length : 201mm Width : 65mm Thickness : 1.6mm; 3.1mm, 3.8mm Both side polished. Resistivity : >10 ohm.cm Parallelism: the best possible Wavelength range: 200 GHz to 5 THz Application: Time domain spectroscopy in TeraHertz spectral range Comments : these windows are to do THz-TDS experiments. Parralelism is important and Windows will be mounted in specific flange at Brewster angle to close a cell under vacuum for spectroscopic of gas and particule in a controlled air flow. If you have better product for this spectral range and this experimental conditions, your advices or comments are welcomed. Quantity : 5 of each Thickness. 

UniversityWafer, Inc. Quoted:

1. Si Window
   201X65X1.6MM, DSP, >10 ohm-cm
   Quantity: 5 Pieces
2. Si Window
   201X65X3.1MM, DSP, >10 ohm-cm
   Quantity: 5 Pieces
3. Si Window
   201X65X3.8MM, DSP, >10 ohm-cm
   Quantity: 5 Pieces

Reference #258947 for specs and pricing.

 

Custom Silicon Windows

A semiconductor device researcher requested the following quote.

Can I get a quote for Silicon Windows, undoped silicon is ok, crystal orientation not critical. Please quote for 2,3 and 5 of each; 1.102” dia. (+0/-.008”) x 2mm thick. And 1.772” dia. (+0/-.008”) x 3mm thick. 

UniversityWafer, Inc. Quoted:

Truly undoped Silicon is very expensive. For IR transparent windows we recomment Czochralski grown Monocrystalline Silicon that is n-type Ro>10 Ohmcm.

Item   Qty.   Description
T11. 5   Silicon wafers, per SEMI, P/P 1.102±0.008"Ø×2,000±25µm, Diameter 28.00±0.20mm, n-type Si:P[100], Ro>10 Ohmcm, Both-sides-polished, NO Flats.

T11b. 5   Silicon wafers, per SEMI, P/P 1.772±0.008"Ø×3,000±25µm, Diameter 45.00±0.20mm, n-type Si:P[100], Ro>10 Ohmcm, Both-sides-polished, NO Flats.

Reference #99224 for specs and pricing.

Ultra-Thin Silicon Wafers for Fabricating Silicon Membranes

A senior consulting scientist requested a quote for the following:

The ultra thin Silicon is of possible interest to us.  I have an electron beam apparatus that uses 5 um Mica windows.  Silicon of similar thickness, or somewhat thinner, would also work if the price is right.   

Can you provide Silicon membranes in the 3 – 5 um thickness, doping type is not particularly critical, although some conductivity is needed – price, delivery and order minimum?

UniversityWafer, Inc. Quoted:

10mm diameter, 5um+/-0.5um thickness, Cz, 1-20ohm.cm, Freestanding, DSP to true mirror finish, haze free and free of pinholes.

10mm diameter, 2um+/-0.5um thickness, Cz, 1-20ohm.cm, Freestanding, DSP to true mirror finish, haze free and free of pinholes.

Reference #143249 for specs and pricing.

Silicon Windows For Spin Coating Alumina SOL Thin Films Onto Quartz Windows

A PhD candidate requested a quote for the following:

We're looking for single crystal silicon windows. The literature references "Czochralski-grown double side polished (100)-oriented wafers." So
something similar. We will be spin coating alumina sol thin films onto the quartz windows and annealing at high temperature >1000C if possible. This is for
optical purposes, not conduction.

We're hoping the windows will have a reproducible spectra (refractive index etc..) characteristic of the quartz crystal, hopefully all being cut from the same crystal.

UniversityWafer, Inc. Quoted:

Silicon Block
Size: Dia 25.4mm x 30mm thick
Double sides optically polished

Reference #174539 for specs and pricing.

Silicon Windows For Infrared Optical Application Materials

During the Covid pandemic a desperate optical engineering technician required the following quote.

We need the following Polished Silicon Wafers for the production of Ventilators. These Ventilators are needed to Save Lives - Can you Help by giving us a Guaranteed Despatch dates. Silicon Polished windows for Infrared Optical Application Material_ Must be Monocrystalline /Single crystal 50.8mm dia.+0.00/-0.1 0.46mm thick+0.00/-0.04 <-- Note this is a Very tight thickness tolerance but it is Very Important Parallelism: Less than 1 arc minute Optically polished both faces Scratch Dig 60/40 or better slight edge chamfers both faces "packing"

These Silicon windows Must be Packed in "WAFER Containers" Quantity: 200 pieces.

UniversityWafer, Inc. Quoted:

We will get them ready within 1 week, see our quotation below:
Silicon Polished windows for Infrared Optical Application
Material_ Must be Monocrystalline /Single crystal
50.8mm dia.+0.00/-0.1
0.46mm thick+0.00/-0.04 <-- Note this is a Very tight thickness tolerance but it is Very Important
Parallelism: Less than 1 arc minute
Optically polished both faces
Scratch Dig 60/40 or better
slight edge chamfers both faces
"packing" These Silicon windows Must be Packed in "WAFER Containers"
Quantity: 200 pieces

Reference #253142 for specs and pricing.

What Are Silicon Windows?

Silicon windows are thin slices or discs of silicon that are used in various optical and scientific applications. These windows are typically made from high-purity silicon and are used to allow the transmission of infrared light while blocking visible light. Here are some key points about silicon windows:

1. Material Properties:

   • Transparency: Silicon windows are transparent to infrared (IR) wavelengths, particularly in the range of about 1.2 to 7 micrometers (μm). This makes them ideal for IR optics.
   • Refractive Index: Silicon has a relatively high refractive index, which makes it useful for certain optical applications.
   • Thermal Conductivity: Silicon has good thermal conductivity, making it suitable for high-power laser applications where heat dissipation is important.

2. Applications:

   • Infrared Optics: Silicon windows are commonly used in IR spectroscopy, IR imaging systems, and other IR optical instruments.
   • Laser Systems: They are used in high-power laser systems, particularly those operating in the IR range.
   • Scientific Research: Silicon windows are used in various scientific research applications, including in environments where visibility in the IR spectrum is crucial.

3. Manufacturing:

   • Silicon windows are typically manufactured through processes such as crystal growth, slicing, polishing, and coating to achieve the desired optical and physical properties.
   • They can be coated with anti-reflective coatings to improve their transmission efficiency and reduce reflections.

4. Advantages:

   • Durability: Silicon is a hard and durable material, which makes silicon windows resistant to scratches and mechanical damage.
   • Thermal Stability: Silicon windows can withstand high temperatures, making them suitable for use in harsh environments.

5. Limitations:

   • Weight: Silicon windows can be relatively heavy compared to other optical materials.
   • Cost: High-purity silicon and the manufacturing processes involved can make silicon windows relatively expensive.

Overall, silicon windows are essential components in many high-tech optical systems, particularly those involving infrared light.

What Are Optical Grade Silicon Windows

Optical grade silicon windows are specialized silicon windows designed for high-performance optical applications. They are manufactured to strict quality standards to ensure excellent optical properties, making them suitable for use in precise and demanding environments. Here are the key characteristics and uses of optical grade silicon windows:

Key Characteristics

1. High Purity:

   • Material: Made from high-purity silicon to minimize impurities that can affect optical performance.

2. Surface Quality:

   • Polishing: The surfaces are polished to a high degree of flatness and smoothness, reducing scattering and absorption of light.
   • Surface Finish: Typically specified with a surface quality of 10-5 or 20-10 scratch-dig, which denotes minimal surface imperfections.

3. Optical Properties:

   • Transmission: Excellent transmission in the infrared (IR) range, typically from 1.2 to 7 micrometers (μm).
   • Refractive Index: Precise control over the refractive index to ensure accurate optical performance.
   • Anti-Reflective Coatings: Often coated with anti-reflective coatings to enhance transmission and reduce reflections.

4. Mechanical and Thermal Properties:

   • Durability: High resistance to mechanical stress and environmental conditions.
   • Thermal Conductivity: Good thermal conductivity for use in high-power applications.

Applications

1. Infrared Spectroscopy:

   • Used in IR spectrometers and other analytical instruments to transmit IR light without distortion or significant absorption.

2. Laser Systems:

   • Employed in high-power laser systems where precision and durability are crucial.

3. Thermal Imaging:

   • Utilized in thermal imaging systems and IR cameras, providing a clear path for IR light to reach detectors.

4. Scientific Research:

   • Applied in various scientific research fields that require high-quality optical components, including astronomy and materials science.

5. Defense and Aerospace:

   • Used in optical systems for defense and aerospace applications due to their reliability and performance under extreme conditions.

Manufacturing Process

1. Crystal Growth:

   • High-purity silicon crystals are grown using techniques like the Czochralski process to ensure uniformity and low impurity levels.

2. Slicing and Polishing:

   • The silicon crystals are sliced into thin wafers and meticulously polished to achieve the desired surface quality and flatness.

3. Coating:

   • Anti-reflective and other protective coatings are applied to enhance optical performance and durability.

Benefits

1. High Performance:

   • Optical grade silicon windows offer superior optical clarity and minimal light distortion, essential for high-precision applications.

2. Durability:

   • Resistant to scratches, mechanical damage, and environmental factors, ensuring long-term reliability.

3. Versatility:

   • Suitable for a wide range of applications across various industries, from scientific research to industrial and military uses.

Optical grade silicon windows are essential components in advanced optical systems, providing the precision and reliability needed for cutting-edge technologies and applications.